Specialisation
is part and parcel of the translation profession. Every good translator
specialises in a few areas, which means that they are able to provide a
professional, accurate translation that reads like an original text written by
an expert in a particular field. Why is it so important and how can you make
sure your translator is a specialist in your industry? Let’s find out.
Specialised terminology
Specialisation allows translators to handle complex,
industry specific terminology that cannot be found in a general dictionary. It enables them to identify
specialist terms and provides resources to accurately translate them. Only an
expert can distinguish if - in a given context - a term has a specialist
meaning or a general one. For example ‘fixed fee’ generally means stała opłata
(fixed-rate fee) in Polish, however, in specialised legal context it
can also mean zastaw rejestrowy (registered pledge). Only a good legal
translator will be able to spot this.
Legal specialisation is particularly
tricky, because of the differences between the legal systems, and this is
exactly the case in English to Polish translation. It is hardly possible to
provide an accurate translation of a legal text in this language pair without
sound knowledge of the Polish and English legal systems. This is mainly because
some of the legal notions simply do not exist in the legal system of the other
country.
Jargon
Almost every industry has its jargon, slang
and idiomatic expressions that are understandable only to the specialists who
use them internally to communicate with other experts in the same field. A
translator who is not familiar with the industry will not be able to identify
the meaning of the jargon terms, which will effectively lead to their
mistranslation. It is worth pointing out that mistranslations – especially
in highly specialised documents – cause considerable
confusion, misunderstandings and can cost the client dearly.
Specialised style
All industries differ not only in
terms of terminology but also of their style of writing: technical, marketing
and legal texts, among others, have their own characteristic style, tone and
register. In order to convey the same style to the translated text, you need to
master it. When specialising, translators read extensively in a given field not
only to acquire the necessary knowledge, but also to familiarise themselves
with the writing style characteristic for the industry. Why is it important?
Imagine that as an expert , you are reading a document that has been
appallingly written: the register is completely wrong, sentences are weirdly
structured and you need to read a paragraph several times to make heads or
tails of it. It does not feel right, does it? You lose your time and patience
only because someone has not done a good job. This is why mastering the
industry specific writing style matters. We could say therefore, that legal translators need to be able to write like
lawyers, technical translators should write like engineers etc.
How translators specialise?
When it
comes to specialisation, every translator has a different story to tell. In
general, though, there are three different routes to specialisation: some
translators complete a course at a university, some have previously worked in
the industry, while others decide to self-study and also learn by experience. Whichever
route they’re taking, good translators make sure they become experts in a given
field and that they continue to develop their knowledge and expertise via
numerous courses, workshops as well as attending conferences and speaking to
other specialists.
How to make sure your translator is a
specialist?
We’ve
already seen that it is very important that the translator who will work on
your document specialises in this field. But how do you know that your text
will be translated by an expert? Can you actually check this?
If you are
using translation agency’s services, you don’t really know who is working on
the project and you will not be able to directly contact the translator. If you
are dealing with a good agency, you can be sure that they will always check
internally what the areas of their translators’ specialisation are and will
never assign them any translation that is outside that area. However, a number
of agencies do not care whether a project is within the translator’s speciality
and you might end up with having your document translated by someone who has
little or no knowledge of the subject.
With
freelancers, it is easier to check their specialisations and there are a number
of ways to do this. The most
straightforward is simply checking their website - sometimes even their copy
will give you a hint whether they know anything about your industry. Take a
look at their testimonials, blog and find information about any qualifications
they have. It is also worth checking what they tweet about – many translators
share links and information on the topics they are experts in. Because I
specialise in business and legal translation, I often tweet about law and
international business as well as marketing. On my website, you can find legal
and marketing translation as separate subpages; the same pattern is maintained
on my blog – both specialisations have separate pages with articles on each of
them.
Over to you
If you are looking at giving a highly
specialised document for translation, it
is worth making sure that your translator is an expert in this field. No professional translator can
claim that they are able to translate complex documents on every topic, as you can’t be an expert in everything. A cardiac surgeon will never perform
a neurological operation, because of a simple reason - he does not have enough
knowledge of neurology; similarly, a commercial law solicitor will never take
on a criminal case for the very same reason. As an expert in legal and
marketing translation, I will never undertake to translate a text in IT, because
I would not do a good job. Therefore, if a client asked me to translate a
complicated IT document I can barely understand, I would kindly explain that I
do not have enough knowledge of IT to perform the translation and I will
recommend a colleague who I trust is an expert in this field.